在X连锁肾上腺脑白质营养不良中,ABCD1中的突变导致的ALD蛋白功能丧失。肾上腺脑白质营养不良的特点是脱髓鞘和神经退行性疾病。
疾病进程,会导致神经功能丧失和死亡,只有异基因造血干细胞移植才能停止。
方法
我们召集了单一组患有肾上腺脑白质营养不良的男生,进行了开放标签式、2–3期安全性和有效性的研究。
患者需要进行早期疾病和钆增强磁共振成像(MRI)筛查。
该疗法包括利用Lenti-D慢病毒载体注入自体CD34+已转换的细胞。
在这项中期分析中,评估了移植物抗宿主病、死亡和主要功能性残疾的发生率,以及用MRI观察神经功能的改变和病变程度。
实验的主要终点是存活,以及输液后24个月没有明显的功能障碍。
结果
共有17个男孩接受Lenti-D基因治疗。中期分析时,中位随访时间为29.4个月(范围为21.6至42个月)。所有患者植入后,都有基因标记细胞,没有已知癌基因或克隆生长产物优先整合的证据。在所有的患者中,观察到可衡量的ALD蛋白。没有与治疗相关的死亡或移植物抗宿主病,17例患者中有15例(88%)存活,无主要功能障碍,临床症状轻微。其中一名神经功能恶化的病人死于疾病的发展。另一位患者,MRI显示疾病有发展迹象的,已退出研究,接受异基因造血干细胞移植,后来死于移植相关并发症。
结论
这项研究的早期结果表明,Lenti-D基因疗法,对早期脑肾上腺脑白质营养不良的男孩来说, 可能是异基因造血干细胞移植安全有效的替代品。
需要更多的后续研究,以充分评估反应持续时间和长期安全性。
Vector Copy Number and Expression of ALD Protein.
Panel A shows the vector copy number in the Lenti-D drug product at infusion and in the peripheral blood for each of the 17 patients at 6 months after infusion. Panel B shows the vector copy number in the peripheral blood for each of the 17 patients at various time points after infusion. Panel C shows the expression of ALD protein in CD14+ cells in the peripheral blood at various time points after infusion; the horizontal lines in the boxes are median percentages, the top and bottom of the boxes are interquartile ranges, and the I bars are minimum and maximum percentages.
Neurologic Function and Clinical Outcomes Relative to Vector Copy Number in the Drug Product.
Panel A shows the scores on the cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy–specific neurologic function scale (which ranges from 0 to 25, with higher scores indicating more severe deficits) for each of the 17 patients at various time points after the infusion of the Lenti-D drug product; 12 patients had scores of 0 at all time points, with the last measurement obtained at month 36 (in 3 patients), month 30 (2), month 24 (5), or month 18 (2). The scale is used to evaluate the severity of gross neurologic dysfunction through an assessment for 15 disabilities across multiple domains; a score of 0 indicates the absence of clinical signs of cerebral disease. Panel B shows the clinical outcomes in the patients relative to the vector copy number in the drug product. Green circles represent patients with stable disease, and red triangles represent patients with a change in status. A change in neurologic function was defined as any change from baseline in the score on the neurologic function scale.
肾上腺脑白质营养不良(adrenoleukodystrophy,ALD)是X连锁隐性遗传病,是一种最常见的过氧化物酶体病,主要累及肾上腺和脑白质,半数以上的病人于儿童或青少年期起病,主要表现为进行性的精神运动障碍,视力及听力下降和(或)肾上腺皮质功能低下等。
原文阅读
Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Gene Therapy for Cerebral Adrenoleukodystrophy
http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1700554?query=featured_home
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